Navegando por Autor "Costa, Reginaldo Brito da"
Agora exibindo 1 - 6 de 6
Resultados por página
Opções de Ordenação
Item Age-age correlation for early selection of rubber tree genotypes in São Paulo State, Brazil(2005) Gonçalves, Paulo de Souza; Bortoletto, Nelson; Cardinal, Átila Bento Beleti; Gouvêa, Lígia Regina Lima; Costa, Reginaldo Brito da; Moraes, Mário Luiz Teixeira deIn a field trial involving 68 rubber tree (Hevea spp.) clones calculation of genotypic correlation coefficients revealed significant age-age correlation from age 1 to 6 (immature period) for girth A and for age 7 to 12 (mature period) for girth B and for age 7 to 12 (production of latex) for yield. Rank correlation coefficients between all immature ages of girth (girth A), all ages of mature girth (girth B) and all annual rubber production (yield) were significant for the three traits, with the coefficients decreasing with increasing age. Selection of the sets of best 30, 15, 10 and 5 clones from the available 68 clones at a given age was generally accompanied by a descending order of percentage success. It was suggested: (a) to have the best 30 clones of age 6, select the set of best 36 clones at age 2, (b) to have the best 15 clones of age 6, select the set of best 20 clones at age 3, (c) to have the best 5 clones of age 6, select the set of best 8 clones at age 4, and (d) to have the best 3 clones of age 6, select the set of best 3 clones at age 5. More than 80% of the targeted clones on girth A or girth B basis and more than 76.7% clones on yield basis were found to get selected at steps (a) through (d). For achieving early multiplication of the most productive clone for deployment, multiplication should be started with the best 36 (i.e. 60%) clones selected at age 2.Item Genetic variability and selection for laticiferous system characters in Hevea brasiliensis(2005) Gonçalves, Paulo de Souza; Cardinal, Átila Bento Beleti; Costa, Reginaldo Brito da; Bortoletto, Nelson; Gouvêa, Lígia Regina LimaSix laticiferous system characters were investigated in 22 three-year-old, half-sib rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.-Arg.] progenies, evaluated at three sites (Votuporanga, Pindorama and Jaú, all in the São Paulo State, Brazil). The traits examined were: average rubber yield (Pp), average bark thickness (Bt), number of latex vessel rings (Lv), average distance between consecutive latex vessel rings (Dc), density of latex vessels per 5 mm per ring averaged over all rings (Dd) and the diameter of the latex vessels (Di). The joint analysis showed that site effect and progeny x sites interaction were significant for all traits, except Lv. Estimates of individual heritabilities across the three sites were high for Bt; moderate for Lv, Pp and Dc; low for Dd and very low for Di. Genetic correlations in the joint analysis showed high positive correlations between Pp and the other traits. Selecting the best five progenies would result in genetic gains of 24.91% for Pp while selecting best two plants within a progeny would result in a Pp genetic gain of 30.98%.Item Genetic variability and selection for laticiferous system characters in Hevea brasiliensis(2005) Gonçalves, Paulo de Souza; Cardinal, Átila Bento Beleti; Costa, Reginaldo Brito da; Bortoletto, Nelson; Gouvêa, Lígia Regina LimaSix laticiferous system characters were investigated in 22 three-year-old, half-sib rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.-Arg.] progenies, evaluated at three sites (Votuporanga, Pindorama and Jaú, all in the São Paulo State, Brazil). The traits examined were: average rubber yield (Pp), average bark thickness (Bt), number of latex vessel rings (Lv), average distance between consecutive latex vessel rings (Dc), density of latex vessels per 5 mm per ring averaged over all rings (Dd) and the diameter of the latex vessels (Di). The joint analysis showed that site effect and progeny x sites interaction were significant for all traits, except Lv. Estimates of individual heritabilities across the three sites were high for Bt; moderate for Lv, Pp and Dc; low for Dd and very low for Di. Genetic correlations in the joint analysis showed high positive correlations between Pp and the other traits. Selecting the best five progenies would result in genetic gains of 24.91% for Pp while selecting best two plants within a progeny would result in a Pp genetic gain of 30.98%.Item Genetic variation and realized genetic gain from rubber tree improvement(2009) Gonçalves, Paulo de Souza; Aguiar, Adriano Tosoni da Eira; Costa, Reginaldo Brito da; Gonçalves, Elaine Cristine Piffer; Scaloppi Júnior, Erivaldo José; Branco, Roberto Botelho FerrazBreeding cycle in rubber extends to 20-30 years between pollination and yield assessment, distributed over three selection stages. Five hectares of small scale trial of rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.-Arg.], was established in the Northwestern region of São Paulo State, Brazil. The population comprises 98 clones mostly derived from intensively selected plus tree in the natural forest of rubber tree in the Amazon. Three open pollinated progeny tests were established in three experimental stations. Seedlings from 98 progenies including a commercial check (CC) were planted in each one of the three locations. Assessments were made when the plants were one, two and three years old. The variation among progenies for girth was highly significant in all locations examined. In the combined analysis of variance over three locations, differences among progenies were also detected, while progeny × location interaction effect was not significant. Narrow sense heritability estimates on individual tree basis (h i²) were variable depending on the characteristic, age of assessment and experimental location. Realized genetic gains were calculated for the plant characteristics at the age of three years, by comparing the performance of improved (selected) materials to unimproved materials (CC). The total genetic gain from the genetically tested first generation clone population at Votuporanga is estimated as 25% for girth, 14% for rubber yield and 25% for bark thickness. Improvement of rubber tree by selection, establishment of clonal population (isolated garden) and progeny testing is a very promising and profitable operation. Partindo-se da polinização à recomendação de clones para o plantio, o ciclo de melhoramento da seringueira, o qual compreende três ciclos de seleção leva em torno de 20-30 anos. Cinco hectares de uma população clonal de seringueira [Hevea brasiliensis Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.-Arg.] foram instalados em Votuporanga, região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. A população inclui 98 clones, cuja maioria é derivada de árvores selecionadas na floresta nativa de seringueira na Amazônia. Três testes de progênies de polinização aberta foram conduzidos nas estações experimentais de Pindorama, Jaú e Votuporanga. Mudas de 98 progênies inclusive a testemunha (CC) foram plantadas em cada um dos três locais. Foram feitas avaliações quando as plantas apresentaram um, dois e três anos respectivamente. A variação entre progênies para crescimento de perímetro do caule foi altamente significantes em todos os locais testados. Nas análises de variâncias conjuntas com os três locais também foram observadas diferenças entre progênies, e que o efeito da interação progênie × local não foi significativo. Estimativas de herdabilidade no sentido restrito em nível de árvore individual (h i²) foram variáveis dependentes das características, idade de avaliação e local dos experimentos. Foram calculados ganhos genéticos para as características da planta na idade de três anos através da comparação de desempenho nos materiais selecionados para os não selecionados (CC). O ganho genético total da primeira população geneticamente testada da população clonal de Votuporanga foi calculado como 25% para perímetro caule, 14% para produção de borracha e 25% para espessura da casca. Melhoramento da seringueira por meio da seleção, implantação de uma população clonal e teste de progênie com os clones é uma operação lucrativa e muito promissora.Item Genetic variation in growth traits and yield of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) growing in the Brazilian state of São Paulo(2005) Gonçalves, Paulo de Souza; Moraes, Mário Luiz Teixeira de; Bortoletto, Nelson; Costa, Reginaldo Brito da; Gonçalves, Elaine Cristine PiferAnalysis of variance and covariance was preformed on growth traits (stem girth, bark thickness, total height gain and rubber yield) of 22 open-pollinated progenies of the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis from an Asian Hevea collection introduced to Agronomic Institute (Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; IAC) in 1952. This progeny trial was replicated at three sites in São Paulo state and it was found that at three years from sowing there was statistically significant variation for girth, bark thickness, height and rubber yield. An individual test sites, values of individual plant heritability for girth ranged from h= 0.36 to h= 0.89 whereas values for heritability for progeny means ranged from h= 0.77 to h= 0.87. These moderate and high heritabilities suggest that a combination of progeny and within-progeny selection would be effective at increasing girth in this population at individual sites. Across sites, values of individual-plant heritability for girth ranged from h= 0.36 to h= 0.47, whereas values for heritability of progeny means girth ranged from h= 0.77 to h= 0.87. There were high positive genetic correlations between increased girth and bark thickness suggesting that breeding aimed at increasing girth would also increase bark thickness and possibly height.Item Genetic variation in growth traits and yield of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) growing in the Brazilian state of São Paulo(2005) Gonçalves, Paulo de Souza; Moraes, Mário Luiz Teixeira de; Bortoletto, Nelson; Costa, Reginaldo Brito da; Gonçalves, Elaine Cristine PiferAnalysis of variance and covariance was preformed on growth traits (stem girth, bark thickness, total height gain and rubber yield) of 22 open-pollinated progenies of the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis from an Asian Hevea collection introduced to Agronomic Institute (Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; IAC) in 1952. This progeny trial was replicated at three sites in São Paulo state and it was found that at three years from sowing there was statistically significant variation for girth, bark thickness, height and rubber yield. An individual test sites, values of individual plant heritability for girth ranged from h= 0.36 to h= 0.89 whereas values for heritability for progeny means ranged from h= 0.77 to h= 0.87. These moderate and high heritabilities suggest that a combination of progeny and within-progeny selection would be effective at increasing girth in this population at individual sites. Across sites, values of individual-plant heritability for girth ranged from h= 0.36 to h= 0.47, whereas values for heritability of progeny means girth ranged from h= 0.77 to h= 0.87. There were high positive genetic correlations between increased girth and bark thickness suggesting that breeding aimed at increasing girth would also increase bark thickness and possibly height.